dark souls 2 bracing knuckle ring. The Dark Souls 2 subreddit r/darksouls2 Fextralife and wikidot. dark souls 2 bracing knuckle ring

 
 The Dark Souls 2 subreddit r/darksouls2 Fextralife and wikidotdark souls 2 bracing knuckle ring  You can get better rings later like Flynn's Ring or the Third Dragon Ring

Ring of Steel Protection. This ring can be. I think they’re probably the only weapons in dark souls that aren’t truly viable. The two-handed strong attack consumes durability and creates dark, homing projectiles akin to the affinity. PC PlayStation 3 Xbox 360 Xbox One. 5 +1=0. Bracing Knuckle Ring Location : This ring reduces weapon, armor, and ring degradation by a certain percentage. 0: Weapon. 1947 hp 201 stamina Physical DEF &#8658; 561. Top Guide Sections. This ring can be found in the Shaded Ruins after the Ruined Fork Road bonfire (2nd bonfire of the area). whose own life is always at stake, the greatest liability is one's exposed back. Dark Souls II v1. The kingdoms of Alken and Venn long ago flourished on these very grounds. A community dedicated to Dark Souls 2, game released for PC, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and One. Notify me about new: Guides. Covetous Silver Serpent Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2. Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3. Sacred Chime Hammer. In addition, you'll probably need souls for ammo, repair powder, etc. Third Dragon Ring +2. Players can equip up to 4 Rings, but equipping two of the same item is not possible. Even by bleed in Dark Souls 2 standards. Increases petrification resistance by 400. Dark Souls II at IGN: walkthroughs, items, maps, video tips, and strategies. Personally I'd go for the Stone Ring to stun things easier or Southern Ritual Band to get free pyromancy until then. Board Topics. The +1 version found in a chest in Drangleic Castle. If you choose the Explorer Class you will start off with. Old Whip is a weapon in Dark Souls 2. Rings is a Ring in Dark Souls 2. Equipment. Iron Keep - After the Smelter Demon, go into the room with the moving platforms, and go up the ladder in the middle of the room. Usually Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 since I use Halberd and that eats through it's durability real quick, or Flynn's Ring since I don't have RoB+2 just yet and I'm never above 60 weight. Ring of Life Protection. Certain rings in Dark Souls 2 are must-haves for certain builds ; Players can find a variety of powerful rings, like the Bracing Knuckle Ring for increased item durability, the Royal Soldier's. Increases physical attack. I imagine the Bracing Knuckle Ring +2. The basic Clear Bluestone Ring can be purchased from Carhillion of the Fold . Find in guide. DARK SOULS™ II. P. Old Knight - drop Found in a chest in Drangleic Castle, after Twin Dragonriders boss fight. Undead Crypt is a Location in Dark Souls 2. 68% As you can see the % don't add up when put together, so its just multiplicative and based on. Guides. Petrification is tantamount to death, and in that sense, this knuckle ring is a charm that may save your life. Raw Old Knight Hammer +10 has an AR of. General Information. The Third Dragon Ring is a ring in Dark Souls II. not to big of a problem with the bracing knuckle ring, but thats a lost ring slot you could avoid with a different wep. Crazy damage for what appears to be an average weapon. Hitting with the tip of the whip does the most damage, and hitting with anything but the tip degrades durability faster. " Dark Clutch Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). This ring can be found in the Shaded Ruins after the Ruined Fork Road bonfire (2nd bonfire of the area). Chloranthy Ring +1 can be obtained in Shaded Woods. For Dark Souls II on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Ring assistance". But the bracing knuckle ring +2 is almost a must, as they break insanely fast, even with. Guaranteed drop from the first Ogre in Things Betwixt. Dark Souls II; Agape Ring doesn't really fix SM problem, need some brackets, etc. Durability in SotFS is more like 1-2 hits per point of durability, at least at base. v1. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Alternatively, use Repair Spell or Repair Powder regularly. Later on, a second ring can be found on a corpse not too far from. would like to hear opinions, and sorry if. 8k more. The ring is in the right-hand corner on a skeleton. Covetous Gold Serpent Ring Effects. For Dark Souls II on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "So are the twinblades just an awful weapon or what?" - Page 2. If you're going to be using this for pve, you'll probably want a Bracing Knuckle Ring. Increases Magic defense. Each ring is different, but if I’m looking at an average, I’d say you can spend between $150. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. Theme Dungeon Bosses are bosses of their respective theme dungeon,. News. Ring of Blades. Certain rings in Dark Souls 2 are must-haves for certain builds ; Players can find a variety of powerful rings, like the Bracing Knuckle Ring for increased item durability, the Royal Soldier's. Rings: Magic Clutch, Chloranthy +2, Red/Blue Tearstone, Blue Clearstone +2. Used to enhance hand-to-hand combat. Eleum Loyce existed to subdue the raging flame, but when the ivory gates were flung open, the land grew cold and lifeless. "Ring depicting a hand grasping a stone. Dark Souls 2 Wiki Guide: Weapons, Walkthrough, armor, strategies, maps, rings, bosses, items and more. Perhaps the weakest boss in the game, located in Brightstone Cove Tseldora. It boosts Stamina by 5. Lunging Attack: Don't try rolling backwards or you'll. Second Dragon Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). Proofs that Elden Ring is truly Dark Souls II 2. Found a ring that increases durability! Dark Souls II PlayStation 3 . Spells. Notes. Undead Crypt treasure. Ring: Bracing Knuckle Ring +2, Crest of the Rat, Ring of Blade +1, Ring of Life Protection; Armor: Desert Sorceress Set +9; Magic: Repair x4, Dark Hail x2 (PvE Oriented) / Dark Hail x2 + Repel + Dark Orb (PvP Oriented) Equipments (PvP): Right Hand: Poison Channeler's Trident +9, Dark Sunset Staff +5, Magic Moonlight Greatsword +5 This can be reduced to 2-3 with the use of a Bracing Knuckle Ring +2. Dark Souls 2: Scholar of the First Sin: All 12 Estus Flask Shard Locations. Sword of Fabian, knight of Eleum Loyce. For the Dark Souls III page, see Boss (Dark Souls III). A favourite of any muscly archer, the Dragonrider Bow has many unique traits. Dark Roaring Halberd. If it wears out quickly use the Bracing Knuckle Ring (you can find a +2 version in the Undead Crypt, if you somehow get that far without whining). Business, Economics, and Finance. Reviews. the Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 does NOT drop the durability cost. Dark Crypt Blacksword. The wiki says the ring is in lost bastile, behind a fake wall. CryptoMastodon Halberd, and Bracing Knuckle Ring +1 and what else should I run? Advertisement Coins. If you have trouble with making it through longer areas you can try wearing the Bracing Knuckle Ring, using repair powder, or carrying a backup weapon. A community dedicated to Dark Souls 2, game released for PC, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and One. 8k more. The Bow of Want can be obtained by trading the Soul of Nashandra and 10,000 souls with Weaponsmith Ornifex. Water Soaked. After defeating the two Ogres on the beach in Things Betwixt, Milibeth the Housekeeper will give the player the Handmaiden's Ladle upon talking to her. The. Add Comment . but the awful durability without use of a +2 Bracing Knuckle Ring, and the self-poisoning means it's kinda hard to use without dedicating your rings slots purely towards making. Notify me about new: Guides. Found in Grave of Saints. The Channeler's Trident is largely unchanged from its Dark Souls variant, down to its attack-boosting dance. Saiba como pegar um escudo muito bom para inicio e um anel. 2163. Some can only be found in NG+. Find in guide. The Bracing Knuckle Ring is a unique ring that enhances the durability of equipped weapons. Mitigate this thing's low durability with "Bracing Knuckle Ring +2", and supplement with the "Repair" sorcery. The Old Knight's Shield is a medium shield in Dark Souls II. ) One final thing, poison builds will help to cheese NPC invaders except for the Forlorn and the Woodland Children who are immune. User. " Ash Knuckle Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). The origin of this ring is unknown, but its design suggests one of the darker deities. 2nd: Dropped by Manscorpion Tark or given by Manscorpion Tark as a reward for killing The Duke's Dear Freja. The Drakewing Ultra Greatsword can be traded for with Weaponsmith Ornifex, in exchange for 1,500 souls and the Guardian Dragon Soul. Enables one to fight with inhuman strength, as if the very spirit of the bone's malicious owner had taken control. advertisement. CategoriesSingle player rings of binding/dragon ring (depending on humanity), cloranthy, bracing knuckle, and blades. )The Ivory Straight Sword is a straight sword in Dark Souls II: Crown of the Ivory King. Spells: 2x SA, 2x GSA, 2x GHSA, 1x SSThis can be reduced to 5 with the use of a Bracing Knuckle Ring+2. advertisement. [60fps] Dark Souls 2 PS4 vs Xbox One Gameplay Frame-Rate Test. +!0 Partizan as my primary for reach, weapon speed and Strike damage (best DEX-based strike damage in the game, as far as I can tell). Performing the dance will consume 10 durability, which can be reduced by equipping the Bracing Knuckle Ring. . Overhead Vertical Smash: Can be comboed into a side-swipe if blocked. Make sure you jump over the gap at the bridge's end, and then open up the coffer nearby to pick up an Ash Knuckle Ring. The ring is in the right-hand corner on a skeleton. Reviews. Dark Souls II Undead Crypt + Undead Purgatory. Dark Souls II Item Codes - Free download as Text File (. Ring of Steel Protection. Channeler's Trident guide with all stats, location, upgrades, lore, and tips. The Majestic Greatsword is a greatsword in Dark Souls II: Crown of the Old Iron King. The Royal Soldier's Ring will help with roll distance and stamina regen so it's always worth thinking about in a heavy. To imagine what unspeakable deeds were performed to create such rings, one need only recall the cruel fate of the resident of Aldia. 5: Weapon/Armour/Ring Degradation -20%: Lost Bastille: Bracing Knuckle Ring +1: 0. Maybe the Royal Soldier's Ring (best version) or the Ring of Steel Protection. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. Since you're using a medium shield, maybe the Baneful Bird Ring. Old Sun Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). Dark Souls II Drangleic Castle. Home; Boards; News; Q&A;. Again, not. The durability drains way faster on the Old Whip, without a Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 it drains roughly 4-5 duability per hit. Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3. A curved greatsword forged from the soul of the Ancient Dragon. $3. The old one of the Abyss was reborn in death, split into miniscule fragments, and spread across the land. Public Pastes. Bone Fist+5. The Ivory Straight Sword is a very unusual weapon, as it is the only straight sword to deal Strike damage, and each attack consumes ten durability without the use of a Bracing. For any character that fights with physical weapons, Third Dragon Ring / Ring of Blades + 2 / Ring of Protection + 2 is usually the best setup, with the fourth slot likely going to some kind of utility ring (Life Protection, Covetous Serpent, etc). More Topics from this Board. . Dark Souls II at IGN: walkthroughs, items, maps, video tips, and strategiesA community dedicated to Dark Souls 2, game released for PC, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and One. Best advice I can give you, use the Bracing Knuckle Ring or you're gonna have a bad time. The chest can be found by traveling along. Being able to swap in infinite of them maybe not so much. It boosts Stamina by 3. By Jared Petty , Shawn Saris , Threetrees , +29. I can eat green blossoms for stamina regen and I use the Drakekeeper Greatshield (my favorite shield) so the stability is pretty strong. CryptoMastodon Halberd, and Bracing Knuckle Ring +1 and what else should I run? Advertisement Coins. Salvaged from a malformed creature. DRAGON IMPACT : Knuckles - >> CLEARANCE SHOP BY BRAND MMA & Martial Arts Other Unique Stuff Weapons / Tools Movie, TV & Games L. Notify me about new: Guides. Salvaged from a malformed creature. Follow 4751. If you want to use the buff a lot you might also want a way to regain health. Here's a look at some pairings that make excellent combos. and using the one-handed R2 stacks poison extremely effectively- especially so when combined with the Rat Covenant Ring. For other uses, see Rings. Network Test Item Description. And don't even think about winning in PVP if someone is dual-wielding them. The Chloranthy Ring is a ring in Dark Souls II. The Bewitched Alonne Sword is a katana in . The Ring of Steel. Start as Sorcerer and buy the Rapier from Lenigrast, then once you have 15 STR and the Bracing Knuckle Ring from Lost Bastille, come back and farm the Old Knight Hammer from Heide’s Tower. Dark Souls II Brightstone Cove Tseldora. Dark Souls 2: SotFS - Complete Item ID List. Put on Bracing Knuckle +2 and you can steamroll over everything. This ring is hidden behind an illusory wall. I play on PC. Now for spells their can be some variety but i like damage so I go with 2 Crystal Soul Spear, 2 Homing Crystal Soulmass, and for the repairing of you Moonlight Greatsword 2 Repair. Walking through water, water pots, and select Pharros' contraptions. Bone Fist is a weapon in Dark Souls 2. Bracing Knuckle Ring +2. Not true. This ring does not work in conjunction with the Second Dragon Ring or Third Dragon Ring. Favorite Boards. Rings can be repaired at a. In. Dark Souls II Memory Delving. It is found in the Lost Bastille and Undead Crypt, and can also. Reviews: 4. " Ring of Binding is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). After many years of use, the ring's face has worn down, but close inspection reveals an engraved lion. +29. Focus Reset. A greatsword forged from the soul of the Looking Glass Knight. If you're going to be using this for pve, you'll probably want a Bracing Knuckle Ring. otherwise, that ring is supposed to break easily. Clear Bluestone Ring +2: Useful for faster casting! (Can be switched out with white ring for fashion souls) Bracing Knuckle Ring +2: using the same weapon will cause to break very quickly. Start as Sorcerer and buy the Rapier from Lenigrast, then once you have 15 STR and the Bracing Knuckle Ring from Lost Bastille, come back and farm the Old Knight Hammer from Heide’s Tower. 3. Each blast consumes 10 durability, meaning that unless the player has a Bracing Knuckle Ring, the Wrathful Axe can only be used 7 times - at the eighth, it will break. For the Dark Souls III page, see Boss (Dark Souls III). Really not much else to be said here. Ivory King Ultra Greatsword is a weapon in Dark Souls 2. . Basic. The +2 Gold Serpent Ring adds 1% to the chance to find any item. Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3. (The Pharros lockstone room). They were both founded by the same man, but were reduced to rivalry and spite. Business, Economics, and Finance. The Drakewing Ultra Greatsword is an ultra greatsword in Dark Souls II. Next you want a maxed out pyromancer glove. DARK SOULS™ II: Scholar of the First Sin > General Discussions > Topic Details. updated Apr 1, 2014. Subscribe to view more gameplay videos along with movie and product reviews!our Facebook Page: Weaponsmith Ornifex, traded for Guardian Dragon Soul and 1,500 souls. mortal May 14, 2015 @ 7:33pm. This also means that if you 2-hand a Blue Flame in your left hand, your spells will still get the left-hand damage reduction. Or ignore the durability, as. By Jared Petty , Shawn Saris , Threetrees , +29. Katanas are notoriously fragile and the +2 version doubles how long it'll last. Katanas are notoriously fragile and the +2 version doubles how long it'll last. Posted by u/SeishinKizuna - No votes and 3 comments19. Bracing knuckle ring +2 location? I haven't found it yet in this Dark Souls 2 version. 2,984 . The earth spouted fire, and a beast arose from the flames. 5 = 13% 53. CryptoFor Dark Souls II on the Xbox 360, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Trade Club: put what you want and what you have to offer" - Page 3. This ring can be. 04/Cal. Just be careful with the durability (the Bracing Knuckle Ring helps with that). For more help on Dark Souls 2, read our Merchants Locations,. Reply Skorpioid •. ring wiki submit: long Tail Keywords (2 words) knuckle ring dark souls bracing knuckle souls 2 souls ii: long Tail Keywords (3 words) bracing knuckle ring dark souls 2 summon range calculator dark souls ii degradation by 20 online information online down the ladderThe Stone Ring is a ring in Dark Souls II. Weight: +0=1. Ultra Greatsword of the Ivory King of Eleum Loyce. Use this ring to stay in the fight! Southern Ritual Band +2: Gives extra attunement slots for miracles such as heal and emit force. Curved Swords have been a staple in the Dark Souls franchise since the very beginning because of their quickness and reliable damage. Board Topics. & Cosplay Airsoft &. The Ring of Knowledge raises Intelligence, which increases power of Sorceries and Hexes. Strafe and backstab in that case. Add this game to my: Favorite Games. If you choose the Explorer Class you will start off with. I think I'd opt for the extra HP. How my GF uses my Dark Souls 2 statue. Sports. " Ring of Blades is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). 8k more. The damage is ok and I love the look of the sword but I'm wondering now if I should have upgraded the BKUGS or. Bracing Knuckle Ring +2, Ring of Giants +1, and Redeye Ring (when I'm not tanking for peeps I usually use either my blue sentinel ring or my cloranthy ring +1) #2. Dark Souls II Item IDs Possibly unfinished. A community dedicated to Dark Souls 2, game released for PC, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and One. 57 new $3. Aug 26, 2014. 0; Reduce weapon. Increases fire defense, lowers lightning defense. Head: Tattered Cloth Hood. Wiki Points. Steel protection 2+. Lately, my weapons have been running out of durability even faster than they usually do on PC with the ring on. Increases the damage for spells / hexes cast by 20% but also reduces maximum spell uses to 1/4. A ring bestowed upon students of a certian standard at the Melfian Magic Academy. Dark Souls 2 is the most beautiful Dark Souls game. Used to enhance hand-to-hand combat. advertisement. Since you need such high intelligence to effectively use the mlgs u should probably have a catalyst in your offhand to cast spells. It is found in the. Cleanses other Environmental Effects. Since you're using a medium shield, maybe the Baneful Bird Ring. The Watcher Greatsword can be acquired from Weaponsmith Ornifex by trading 3,000 souls and the Throne Watcher Soul. Soul of Velstadt; Royal Soldier's Ring +2 (Bonfire Intensity 2+) Moveset. Add me on Pokemon XY! Ign: Chazz FC: 4682-8453-5179 Shiny Value: 3595. " Poisonbite Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). 106 Workaround: 0) start the game and the trainer (trainer with root privileges) 1) in game, enable the trainer (F1, you have to hear the robotic voice "trainer activated") select a stackable item with mouse. Forum Posts. The dance will also impact the damage of both Hexes and Sorceries . Spells: 2x SA, 2x GSA, 2x GHSA, 1x SSThis can be reduced to 5 with the use of a Bracing Knuckle Ring+2. Bracing Knuckle Ring +2: 1. Blue flame, possibly Rings: Sorcery Clutch Ring Southern Ritual Band +2 Clear Bluestone Ring +2 Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 (if it turns out to be useless, Ring of the Living)There are a total of 99 Rings in the final version of Dark Souls 2, with seven more currently in the DLC. Dark Quartz Ring +1 can be found in the. Situational: bracing knuckle 2+ ( for Azal) Agape Ring. They were both founded by the same man, but were reduced to rivalry and spite. Posts: 16. 0. Area Bosses are boss monsters which spawn on their own in a hunting area near a town. Ash Knuckle Ring; Bloodbite Ring; Bracing Knuckle Ring; Chloranthy Ring; Clear Bluestone Ring;Dark Souls II PlayStation 3 . 0 PhysicalDEFStrike VS Strike &#8658; 504. But you also hit a lot of floors and walls so it uses a lot of durability per attack an average. Two-handed consumes ten durability with every swing or five durability with the Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 combined with normal durability lost from hitting walls and targets. Dark Souls II. More. At least they tried to compensate with it by making it a. "Ring of the guardians of Eleum Loyce. This mace was corrupted by poison when Sinh, the sleeping dragon, awoke. Network Test Item Description. The Royal Soldier's Ring will help with roll distance and stamina regen so it's always worth thinking about in a heavy. Covetous Silver Serpent Ring location, effects, lore, notes and tips for Dark Souls 2. 3. PC Xbox 360. Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3. Wearing a Bracing Knuckle Ring will increase the number of times the special attack can be used before breaking the weapon. The chest is in the next room to the room that have a golem activating the elevator. Pairing this weapon with the Bracing Knuckle Ring is recommended because it has very low durability, and using the one-handed R2 attack will deplete durability quickly. For the Dark Souls III equivalent, see Ring of Favor. Add this game to my: Favorite Games. Business, Economics, and Finance. . Blue Tearstone Ring. " Abyss Seal is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). For Dark Souls II on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Ugh Bewitched Allone Sword, why you so fragile?". The claymore is an absolute waste for a hex build. 8k more. Dark Souls 2: Scholar of the First Sin: All 12 Estus Flask Shard Locations. This ring can be found in the Shaded Ruins after the Ruined Fork Road bonfire (2nd bonfire of the area). Ivory King Ultra Greatsword. This Ring nullifies death, but breaks. Some can only be found in NG+. Players can equip up to 4 Rings, but equipping two of the same item is not possible. The Ivory Straight Sword is a straight sword in Dark Souls II: Crown of the Ivory King. This game was so damn good on the Xbox 360. bacterialtaco 9 years ago #1. Equipping the Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 will reduce the durability cost by half. The Dark Souls 2 subreddit r/darksouls2 Fextralife and wikidot. He will do a horizontal sweep, two in succession. Tips CommentsLh1: Dark Transgressor's Leather Shield Lh2: Magic Azal's Staff Rh1: Blue Dagger Rh2:I don't know. 00 on a new shank for your ring. A trident wielded by an old sorcerer. Upgrades. Royal Soldiers Ring +2 (+1 also works when not using a shield) Bone Crown (Good defence and low weight) Throne Watcher's Armour (Fashion Souls) Havel's Gauntlets. ring of blades +2 and bracing knuckle ring +2 and went about maxing my stamina regen with <50% equip load and chloranthy ring +2 The clutch ring gives you a bit more damage than you think because the beam damage gets buffed. Rare drop from the Old Knights of Heide's Tower of Flame. It's disappointing though because the special attack drains durability like no one's business. 415 subscribers Subscribe 2K views 2 years ago The following video shows where you can find the Bracing Knuckle ring +2 in Dark Souls 2. Petrification is tantamount to death, and in that sense, this knuckle ring is a charm that may save your life. Dark Souls II. Increases poison resistance. Used to enhance hand-to-hand combat. Bell Keeper's Seal is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). the Bracing Knuckle Ring +2 does NOT drop the durability cost. Increases petrification resistance by 400. " Stone Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). Make sure you infuse it with a fient stone. Posted by u/SeishinKizuna - No votes and 3 commentsOkay, so according to a spreadsheet on weapon infusions and scaling (available here ), the Lightning Blue Dagger has scaling that. Dscription: A protective ring passed down in House Osteria. 02/Cal. By Jared Petty , Shawn Saris , Threetrees , +29. Wat. He will do a horizontal sweep, two in succession. Strong attack unleashes its latent power. For the Dark Souls variant, see Covetous Silver Serpent Ring. Dragon Aerie. The ring can be purchased from Sweet Shalquoir in Majula for 5800 souls. Cannot be infused with Bleed. The Chloranthy Ring is found in a chest behind an illusory wall which can only be revealed through a nearby Pharros' Contraption in the room below the ballistae in the Forest of Fallen Giants. Players can equip up to 4 Rings, but equipping two of the same item is not possible. It strikes fast and like a truck at 50 dexterity (360 damage, I think) and its one of the weapons in the game where you actually need more than 23 dexterity to use it. 0: Weapon. 90 used GameStop. . Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3.